Category Archives: IRS

Workshop Resources, Questions and Answers

Questions?As part of my follow-up to recent workshops that I’ve run in the last few weeks I wanted to answer a few questions.  But first I wanted to thank Alltop.com for including this blog in their list of nonprofit blogs.  It feels great to be in such respected company!

Managing the Money, Managing the Organization

For the Managing the Money, Managing the Organization workshop in Long Beach, you can download the handouts from the event here.  For those who are interested in looking at a budget narrative I have linked to a PDF of one here.  An online search of “sample budget narrative” will reveal a lot more.

Building Financial Literacy

From part one of the Building Financial Literacy workshop in Ventura there was a question about vehicle donation guidance.  I would refer all those interested in this to this PDF from the IRS. For other IRS contributions and donation information please check the IRS links and resources to the right. For the folks who wanted information on how to value in-kind donations, please click here.

Nonprofit Summer School

Thanks to all the folks who spent the day with me talking about nonprofit accounting issues at Cal State Fullerton’s event. Many of the questions were about QuickBooks issues, I would direct you to this page of the site for more information and resources.

For more information and resources I usually mention, please check here. And if I missed your question or you have others please feel free to remind me!

More Questions and Answers – Donated Items and Services

I have received a rash of questions lately on donation and valuation information for in-kind gifts.  I mentioned my post about valuation information above.  I have another post about how to enter in donation transactions and another on valuing donated services.  I hope those help.

More Questions and Answers – Employee Time and Cost Allocation

Question: We are just starting our marketing and communications program (hiring a marketing manager, revamping our website, etc.). I do not believe that I should classify 100% of these costs as fundraising (the website is mostly about information sharing and public relations). Rather I consider classifying some as program costs, some as administrative expenses and some as fundraising depending on the activities purpose. Is that correct?

Answer: Yes. Not all of the costs described should be lumped into fundraising. The costs should be allocated between programs, admin and fundraising as appropriate.

For example, the marketing manager spends time designing some promotional materials to get word out about a particular program you do. I’d say that is a program expense. Weather particular funder allows their money to be spent on advertising is a separate matter, but the expense is still a program expense. If that same person is designing something to be used for a fundraising gala, that would be a fundraising expense. If they are designing new signage for your offices? The expenses would probably be administrative.

You can click here for many more questions and answers.

Nonprofit News Roundup

IRS and the 990

logo-irsAs I mentioned in the post below the Urban Institute’s 990 online is getting ready to start processing the updated form 990. They hope to be ready to go by the end of July (not the end of June as I previously mentioned in my last post).  There is a great piece in Blue Avocado about the system and a call to action to help improve it. Worth a read, especially for those thinking of jumping in and using the system.

Perhaps not everyone wants to read the IRS’s five year strategic plan?  No problem, the nice folks at Guidestar have and let us know what the Internal Revenue Service has in store for tax exempt organizations. Between what they lay out here and several recent speeches by Lois Lerner and Sarah Hall Ingram (also reported on by Guidestar in the above link) we can be pretty sure of where their focus will lie.  As the article points out, nonprofit should:

Pay the proper employment taxes on your staff; use appropriate comparable wage data to set executive compensation and document your decisions; file Form 990 promptly and accurately (and electronically, if possible); use efficient fundraising methods; and spend most of your revenues on achieving your tax-exempt purpose.

Good advice all around.

Managing in Tough Times

In case there was any confusion about it, times are still tight.  Two items from the Bridgespan Group and The Listening Post Project give us an update, and California’s budget meltdown is being replayed in other states.

Bridgespan’s piece is a follow-up to their November 2008 7 Steps article. From the opening paragraph:

The percentage of nonprofits that have resorted to layoffs has increased, as has the percentage that has made broad-based programmatic reductions. More organizations have drawn down their reserves. Nonprofit leaders appear to be optimistic about the future, though: Almost half of the respondents reported that they believe their organization will be on stronger financial footing in a year’s time.

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Click on the image for a larger view

The Listening Post Project, from the Center for Civil Society Studies at Johns Hopkins University, released a new study, “Impact of the 2007-09 Economic Recession on Nonprofit Organizations” (link opens a PDF). From the executive summary:

Key findings from the 363 organizations responding to this Sounding include the following:

  • 83 percent of responding organizations reported some level of fiscal stress during the target period of September 2008 to March 2009.
  • Close to 40 percent of the organizations considered the stress to be “severe” or “very severe”.
  • Theaters and orchestras were particularly hard hit, with 73 percent of the former and half of the latter reporting “severe” or “very severe” stress.

The deadline to pass California’s budget came and went last week.  The Chronicle of Philanthropy has a good piece on how CA nonprofits will be effected by the state government’s game of chicken.

Nonprofit Financial Tools

I’ll try to end this post on a happier note with a couple of tips and resources! For accounting!  Leading off is a recent article from Guidestar, “Ensuring a Smooth Annual Audit.” While it may not have a lot of revelations in it it is solid advice for any organization that is planning on a annual financial audit.

Tye Bridgespan Group is offering nonprofit organizations its new Nonprofit Cost Analysis Toolkit.  This is a fine set of tools to help nonprofits understand what are the true, real, honest costs of running our organizations.  Not knowing what it really costs your organization to do all that it does makes it difficult to move forward.

More cost analysis and fiancial tools can be found in my Managing Challenging Times section.

IRS Info and Some Questions and Answers

Questions and AnswersIRS, Governance and the Form 990

I’ll lead off with some exiting news.  Well, it’s exiting to me at least.   Last week I learned that the Urban Institute’s efile.form.990 site should start being able to process the latest version of the form 990 by the end of July (not June).  Their system allows you to electronically prepare and file your organization form 990, 990 EZ and extensions to file.  There is a small fee, but I encourage anyone who prepares your organizations forms by hand to look into their system.

Sarah Hall Ingram, the IRS Commissioner for Tax Exempt and Government Entities, made a presentation at Georgetown Law Center this week on nonprofit governance issues and what the IRS sees as its role relating to that.

While both state regulation and sector self-regulation are important, and I welcome and respect them, they do not get the IRS off the hook. Congress gave us a job to do, and we cannot delegate to others our obligation to enforce the conditions of federal tax exemption.

If you would like to read her remarks they are available as a PDF here.

Collaboration Resources

Need some tips on online collaboration tools? Gayle C. Thorsen at IMPACTMAX has a good rundown on some resources that should help you.

Questions and Answers: Revenue Recognition

Each year we have several matching gifts that come in after the fiscal year end of June 30.  Should these receipts be counted toward the past fiscal year or the current year?  For donor recognition purposes we count these gifts in the year they were pledged.  For accounting purposes, how should we be dealing with this?

You should count them the same way you do for recognition. Nonprofit accounting rules for donations take into account the donors intent, and if the check was written in before the end of your fiscal year, or the pledge was made before then end of your fiscal year, it should be counted as that fiscal years money.

Questions and Answers: Employee or Independent Contractor?

I’m a bookkeeper trying to help a recently started, all volunteer nonprofit. The one concern I have is the administrative costs for the person who runs it. If the nonprofit were to reimburse that person for a missed day at work, would they be considered an employee of the nonprofit?

You can’t reimburse somebody for a missed day of work, that is not a “real” expense. That would be considered compensation. This could be a 1099 / independent contractor relationship OR an employee relationship. I would look carefully at the duties tests between the two and make your judgment. The IRS is pretty serious about making sure employers classify folks correctly.  You can check out their resource pages here.

Question and Answers: Hiring Costs

We are a small nonprofit that had a change in our Executive Director. The costs to recruit, interview and move a new Executive Director to our state was extremely expensive. These costs are a one-time charge that are impacting our net assets. Is there a way that I can capitalize them to spread out the impact?

Not in this case. Capitalizing an expense is done for physical assets that have a long useful life so that the expense of the item is spread out over its time of use.  Employees can’t get treated the same way.

Just make sure to clearly explain and footnote the situation on all of your reports and financials so people will not think there is something wrong with the organization and you should be OK.

Do you have a question?  Click here to ask it