Category Archives: Q&A

Changes to GAAP and Other News

readingThis week I’ll bring to your attention two new books that you might find interesting, guidance on what to think about if you are contemplating a merger, a FASB and GAAP update and this weeks Question and Answer.

Nonprofit Legal Issues and Volunteer Management

The above two topics a what these two books form the Nonprofit Risk management Center deal with.  EXPOSED: A Legal field guide for nonprofit executives, will be a handy reference for those who have ever needed, or may yet need, to contact a lawyer. It is written specifically for the non-lawyer who still needs to know what about the possible legal issues their nonprofit might face. Click the above link and you can read a free preview.

No Surprises: Harmonizing Risk and Reward in Volunteer Management — 5th Edition, helps nonprofit organizations balance the risks and rewards of volunteer management. This book will help make sure you are protecting your organization and those who serve it.

Nonprofit Mergers

Are You a Good Candidate for a Merger? This is what the latest Tools You Can Use from the Fieldstone Alliance asks. The article poses eleven question nonprofit organizations should ask themselves as they contemplate a merger and gives more resources to go to. The Nonprofits Assistance Fund also updated their good idea about how to find a merger partner here.

FASB and GAAP Update for Nonprofits

For some time the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has been working to codify Generally Accepted Accounting Principals (GAAP). The end result will be a new coding system for the existing rules, not new accounting rules, with the idea to make it easier to track down relevant information to answer questions. It is set to go into effect September 15, 2009. If you would like to check it out for your self and take a look at the section for not-for-profit entities you can go here to sign up for free access.

A Questionable Relationship

Question: The Board Treasurer and the Bookkeeper of the nonprofit I work with are husband and wife. The Bookkeeper opens the mail and makes the bank deposit as well as maintaining the records on who gave what. The Treasurer manages the accounting and pays the bills. Is this a breach of ethics?

Answer: Not exactly a breach of ethics unless your organization has a code of ethical standards that prevents a relationship like this existing. But the possibility for fraud to occur is there. Perhaps more importantly, the appearance of the possibility of fraud to occur is there. I would advise that perhaps duties should be shifted to separate these folks from having responsibility over one another and to reduce the chances that they could collude together to defraud your nonprofit.

There is always the risk of alienating folks dedicated to the mission of the organization by injecting more “business like” activities such as risk management and internal controls. But that needs to be balanced with making sure the organization’s funds are well cared for. I think if it is explained correctly, most people would be willing to make changes to protect the nonprofit so it can keep doing the work it does.

Workshop Resources, Questions and Answers

Questions?As part of my follow-up to recent workshops that I’ve run in the last few weeks I wanted to answer a few questions.  But first I wanted to thank Alltop.com for including this blog in their list of nonprofit blogs.  It feels great to be in such respected company!

Managing the Money, Managing the Organization

For the Managing the Money, Managing the Organization workshop in Long Beach, you can download the handouts from the event here.  For those who are interested in looking at a budget narrative I have linked to a PDF of one here.  An online search of “sample budget narrative” will reveal a lot more.

Building Financial Literacy

From part one of the Building Financial Literacy workshop in Ventura there was a question about vehicle donation guidance.  I would refer all those interested in this to this PDF from the IRS. For other IRS contributions and donation information please check the IRS links and resources to the right. For the folks who wanted information on how to value in-kind donations, please click here.

Nonprofit Summer School

Thanks to all the folks who spent the day with me talking about nonprofit accounting issues at Cal State Fullerton’s event. Many of the questions were about QuickBooks issues, I would direct you to this page of the site for more information and resources.

For more information and resources I usually mention, please check here. And if I missed your question or you have others please feel free to remind me!

More Questions and Answers – Donated Items and Services

I have received a rash of questions lately on donation and valuation information for in-kind gifts.  I mentioned my post about valuation information above.  I have another post about how to enter in donation transactions and another on valuing donated services.  I hope those help.

More Questions and Answers – Employee Time and Cost Allocation

Question: We are just starting our marketing and communications program (hiring a marketing manager, revamping our website, etc.). I do not believe that I should classify 100% of these costs as fundraising (the website is mostly about information sharing and public relations). Rather I consider classifying some as program costs, some as administrative expenses and some as fundraising depending on the activities purpose. Is that correct?

Answer: Yes. Not all of the costs described should be lumped into fundraising. The costs should be allocated between programs, admin and fundraising as appropriate.

For example, the marketing manager spends time designing some promotional materials to get word out about a particular program you do. I’d say that is a program expense. Weather particular funder allows their money to be spent on advertising is a separate matter, but the expense is still a program expense. If that same person is designing something to be used for a fundraising gala, that would be a fundraising expense. If they are designing new signage for your offices? The expenses would probably be administrative.

You can click here for many more questions and answers.

IRS Info and Some Questions and Answers

Questions and AnswersIRS, Governance and the Form 990

I’ll lead off with some exiting news.  Well, it’s exiting to me at least.   Last week I learned that the Urban Institute’s efile.form.990 site should start being able to process the latest version of the form 990 by the end of July (not June).  Their system allows you to electronically prepare and file your organization form 990, 990 EZ and extensions to file.  There is a small fee, but I encourage anyone who prepares your organizations forms by hand to look into their system.

Sarah Hall Ingram, the IRS Commissioner for Tax Exempt and Government Entities, made a presentation at Georgetown Law Center this week on nonprofit governance issues and what the IRS sees as its role relating to that.

While both state regulation and sector self-regulation are important, and I welcome and respect them, they do not get the IRS off the hook. Congress gave us a job to do, and we cannot delegate to others our obligation to enforce the conditions of federal tax exemption.

If you would like to read her remarks they are available as a PDF here.

Collaboration Resources

Need some tips on online collaboration tools? Gayle C. Thorsen at IMPACTMAX has a good rundown on some resources that should help you.

Questions and Answers: Revenue Recognition

Each year we have several matching gifts that come in after the fiscal year end of June 30.  Should these receipts be counted toward the past fiscal year or the current year?  For donor recognition purposes we count these gifts in the year they were pledged.  For accounting purposes, how should we be dealing with this?

You should count them the same way you do for recognition. Nonprofit accounting rules for donations take into account the donors intent, and if the check was written in before the end of your fiscal year, or the pledge was made before then end of your fiscal year, it should be counted as that fiscal years money.

Questions and Answers: Employee or Independent Contractor?

I’m a bookkeeper trying to help a recently started, all volunteer nonprofit. The one concern I have is the administrative costs for the person who runs it. If the nonprofit were to reimburse that person for a missed day at work, would they be considered an employee of the nonprofit?

You can’t reimburse somebody for a missed day of work, that is not a “real” expense. That would be considered compensation. This could be a 1099 / independent contractor relationship OR an employee relationship. I would look carefully at the duties tests between the two and make your judgment. The IRS is pretty serious about making sure employers classify folks correctly.  You can check out their resource pages here.

Question and Answers: Hiring Costs

We are a small nonprofit that had a change in our Executive Director. The costs to recruit, interview and move a new Executive Director to our state was extremely expensive. These costs are a one-time charge that are impacting our net assets. Is there a way that I can capitalize them to spread out the impact?

Not in this case. Capitalizing an expense is done for physical assets that have a long useful life so that the expense of the item is spread out over its time of use.  Employees can’t get treated the same way.

Just make sure to clearly explain and footnote the situation on all of your reports and financials so people will not think there is something wrong with the organization and you should be OK.

Do you have a question?  Click here to ask it